Radial Basis Function Artificial Neural Network for the Investigation of Thyroid Cytological Lesions

Objective. This study investigates the potential of an artificial intelligence (AI) methodology, the radial basis function (RBF) artificial neural network (ANN), in the evaluation of thyroid lesions. Study Design. The study was performed on 447 patients who had both cytological and histological evaluation in agreement. Cytological specimens were prepared using liquid-based cytology, and the histological result was based on subsequent surgical samples. Each specimen was digitized; on these images, nuclear morphology features were measured by the use of an image analysis system. The extracted measurements (41,324 nuclei) were separated into two sets: the training set that was used to create the RBF ANN and the test set that was used to evaluate the RBF performance. The system aimed to predict the histological status as benign or malignant. Results. The RBF ANN obtained in the training set has sensitivity 82.5%, specificity 94.6%, and overall accuracy 90.3%, while in the test set, these indices were 81.4%, 90.0%, and 86.9%, respectively. Algorithm was used to classify patients on the basis of the RBF ANN, the overall sensitivity was 95.0%, the specificity was 95.5%, and no statistically significant difference was observed. Conclusion. AI techniques and especially ANNs, only in the recent years, have been studied extensively. The proposed approach is promising to avoid misdiagnoses and assists the everyday practice of the cytopathology. The major drawback in this approach is the automation of a procedure to accurately detect and measure cell nuclei from the digitized images

Palatine tonsil metastasis of cecal mixed neuroendocrine‐non‐neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN): A unique case

Abstract This case demonstrates the importance of understanding that patients with malignant neoplasms may exhibit metastases in unexpected sites and illustrates the necessity of a thorough clinical examination and pathologic correlation

Dysphagia Caused by Chronic Laryngeal Edema

A rare case of a young female with chronic diffuse laryngeal edema causing severe swallowing difficulty is presented. The patient was previously treated with antibiotics and steroids with no improvement. Diagnosis was made with biopsy of the epiglottis under local anesthesia in the office

Palatine tonsil metastasis of cecal mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm (MiNEN): A unique case

This case demonstrates the importance of understanding that patients with malignant neoplasms may exhibit metastases in unexpected sites and illustrates the necessity of a thorough clinical examination and pathologic correlation

Supplementary Table 5 from Phase II window study of olaparib alone or with cisplatin or durvalumab in operable Head and Neck Cancer

Supplementary Table 5. Incidence of adverse events by maximum grade in the safety population.</p

Supplementary Figure 6 from Phase II window study of olaparib alone or with cisplatin or durvalumab in operable Head and Neck Cancer

Supplementary Figure 6. Posttreatment CD163 (by QIF) increase in three patients with concurrent increase in the CD163 transcripts. Representative images from a patient’s tumor tissue sample showing pre and post treatment (Durvalumab-Olaparib Arm) CD163 expression. Nuclei (blue), Cytokeratin (green), CD163 (yellow) and CSF1R (red).</p

Supplementary Materials and Methods from Phase II window study of olaparib alone or with cisplatin or durvalumab in operable Head and Neck Cancer

The details for the assays and image analysis are summarized in the Supplementary Materials and Methods.</p

Supplementary Figure 3 from Phase II window study of olaparib alone or with cisplatin or durvalumab in operable Head and Neck Cancer

Supplementary Figure 3. A. No significant differences in stromal TILs were found between pre- and post-treatment samples in all arms. In Arm D TILs were increased post-treatment in most of the samples (5 out of 7). Figures B and C show representative images of TILs in pre- and post-treatment samples respectively from one patient in Arm D, measured by QuPath v0.3.0. Figures show tissues before (left) and after (right) QuPath annotations. Color legend; red, tumor cells; purple, lymphocytes; green, fibroblasts; yellow, other; Cisplatin-Olaparib, C-O; Olaparib, O; Durvalumab-Olaparib, D-O</p

Supplementary Figure 4 from Phase II window study of olaparib alone or with cisplatin or durvalumab in operable Head and Neck Cancer

Supplementary Figure 4. Relative fold change (2-ΔΔCq) of PD-L1 in respect to Β2Μ (reference gene) in the CTC fraction for individual samples of HNSCC patients before (blue) and after (orange) therapy.</p